It is very unlikely that the boko haram group can be defeated. Isis, boko haram, and the human right to freedom from. It is believed that the system guarantees security and promotes prosperity. Democracy is a system of government greatly supported by the vast majority of nigerians and they are willing to sustain it. Wars and conflicts in the saharasahel west african papers september 2017 no. The boko haram men were largely known to have lived at jadaman mada and near the airport where they have their jummat mosque. Boko haram and the challenges of nigerias war on terror. Boko haram in nigeria provides an important example of the combination of religion and violence in the conditions of the twentyfirst century. Nigeria has a history of islamist sects within its borders. How private armies, and the technology they use, are changing warfare. Boko haram split into two groups when isis appointed abu musab albarnawi as the head of the iswap in august 2016. But, as alexander thurston argues here, beyond the sensational headlines this group generates, the dynamics of muslim life in northern nigeria remain poorly understood.
This study is advanced to explain the phenomenon of boko haram terrorism in nigeria. While boko haram would appear to be a part of a wider terrorist phenomenon, linked to al qaeda and isis, historian kim searcy demonstrates that boko haram s agenda is local, not international, and the roots of that agenda stretch back several centuries. Boko haram metamorphosis was caused by poverty and inequality. However, recent security challenges are reflections and continuation of political trends and the prospects of democracy thriving. This book assesses the effectiveness of nigerias counterterrorist policies against boko haram. In a country with a history of polarization between the majoritymuslim north and majority christian south. Violence across several states in northeastern nigeria resulted in more than 1,000 dead, with around 700 killed in the city of maiduguri alone, according to one military official. The problem of insecurity facing nigeria, most especially the northeastern region at this point in time, orchestrated by boko haram insurgency draws the attention of wellmeaning individual who cares to the need to find rapid solution to this menace. History, ideas and revolt 1, nigerian guardian newspaper report, july 6, 2011. The rise of boko haram in nigeria show all authors. Africa command africom, general carter ham, voiced concerns about the intent. The latest upheaval in the north is boko haram which has, without a doubt, the character of an insurgency.
Boko haram an annotated bibliography progressive geographies. Boko haram kidnapped 110 schoolgirls from the government technical girls college in dapchi, yobe, on 19 february 2018. Des forges 19422009, phd, three events will take place in buffalo on thursday, april 23 and friday, april 24. To honor the memory and achievements of the internationallyknown historian, human rights activist and buffalo native alison l.
Boko haram also has operated in areas of cameroon, chad, and niger bordering ne nigeria, with significant fighting between the cameroonian military and group beginning in the second half of 2014. The rise of the boko haram meaning western education is sinful has brought about heightened tension, anxiety and a sense of insecurity hitherto unknown in any part of nigeria except the niger delta region. Events in memory of alison des forges will focus on islam. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. Methodology the study is a of research works such as thesis, dissertations, research journals, newspapers and magazines to examine boko haram the historical evolution of boko haram, its causes, recruitment, ideology, area of operation and the ways through which the problem can be solved. Estimates of the death toll from boko haram attacks since 2009 range as high as ten thousand fatalities. It has scourged mankind for a long time and will continue to do so. The terrorist group boko haram, or the selfdescribed people of the tradition of the prophet saw for preaching and striving, continues to terrorise nigeria, with horrible consequences. Walther sahel research group, university of florida sahel and west africa club secretariat west african.
Some experts view the group as an armed revolt against government corruption, abusive security forces and widening regional economic disparity in an already impoverished country akintunde, 2014. Boko haram became a fullfledged insurgency following confrontations between the group and bauchi states security agency, charged with enforcing a newly introduced law that required motorcyclists in the entire country to wear crashhelmets uzodike 2012. Boko haram takes responsibility for the lives of thousands of people. View or download all content the institution has subscribed to. Apparently the first report of slavetaking by boko haram was on may 20 when a video was released of boko haram leader abubakar shekau saying his group had taken women and children including teenage girls hostage in response to the arrest of its members wives and children. Terrorism is an idea and ideas are difficult to exterminate. The 2009 boko haram uprising was a conflict between boko haram, a militant islamist group, and nigerian security forces.
Support the guardian available for everyone, funded by readers. Global journal of human social science 2014 global journals inc. Boko haram landmines in nigeria killed at least 162 in two years study. Boko harams religious and political worldview brookings institution. History of boko haram founded in the muslimdominated northern nigeria in 2002 by mohammed yusuf, boko haram was originally labeled as the nigerian taliban because of its ideology and methods. Boko haram is an ultraviolent social movement that has deep roots in the social and economic marginalization of a large section of nigerias northern. The current event that surrounds the insurgency suggests that the impact it has on the nations development is marginally cataclysmic.
Umoru h, nigeria at crossroad, worse than before civil war akinyemi. Feb 25, 2014 suspected members of the hardline islamist group boko haram attacked a school in damaturu, nigeria, early tuesday morning, burning or shooting 29 boys, but sparing the female students, news. Onuoha \ a danger not to nigeria alone boko harams transnational reach and regional responses. The terrorist group boko haram, or the selfdescribed people of the tradition of the prophet saw for preaching and striving, continues to terrorise nigeria, with. Conflict, national integration and the boko haram insurgency. The study was an attempt aimed at understanding the relationship between the united states national interests in nigeria and the fight against boko haram terrorism. Aug 10, 2015 a state departments expert on boko haram and a voice of america journalist talked about u. May 19, 2014 the nigerian armed group boko haram has gained international notoriety after the kidnapping of more than 270 schoolgirls in northern nigeria.
Fox news channel fnc is a 24hour allencompassing news service dedicated to delivering breaking news as. The history of boko haram in nigeria the islamic fundamentalist group, boko haram, has admitted of being. On 2 april, a boko haram attack on the outskirts of maiduguri resulted in the death of 18 people and another 84 wounded. The number of ovc throughout northern nigeria is growing as a result of the boko haram pandemic.
The struggle against boko haram in southeastern niger is increasingly sharpening local conflicts over access to resources. The spectre of boko haram and its activities in nigeria dominates both media and academic analysis of islam in the region. Addressing the boko haram crisis 3 chatham house map 2. It is both a movement in the pattern of religiouslyjustified violence and a significant representative of the emergence of new types of modern terrorism in recent years.
Cameroonian, and nigerien governments took a number of steps in 2015 to increase counterboko haram efforts. When we remembered invasion 1897 kings square benin city by night edo, the people of igodomigodo famously known for almost a millennium as benin, had built a moat complex to. During training with aqmi, boko haram members also mastered nigeria. There is no military solution to this insurgency, and the authorities should instead put the emphasis on demobilising militants, solving local conflicts, reinvigorating the economy and restoring public services. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria has elicited several reactions and aroused several questions about the nature of nigeria and the question of national integration. Boko haram is considered a threat to not only nigeria but also the entire world. Seen from some angles, nigeria is a remarkable success story. Mar 31, 2014 a short history of boko haram this morning, members of the boko haram movement attacked a dss detention facility close to the seat of power in abuja. How boko haram spreads hunger beyond nigerias borders. He finished off with sects in islam beginning with the boko haram, who they are and the orgin of their name. Mohammed yusufs sect cannot be reduced simply to a revolt of the rural poor or the urban destitute. But the group has been a big problem for the nigerian. Pdf repercussion of insurgence activities of boko haram on. According to an article by cnn, boko haram means western education is forbidden, which is a prevalent held belief for islamic extremists cnn, 2018.
The jamaaatu ahlussunnah liddawati wal jihad, popularly known as boko haram is a strong pseudoislamist terrorist group, which has its base in kanamma, northeastern nigeria. With boko haram and other groups seemingly gaining in strength, questions arise as to why young men join them in the first place and what the government and other actors can do to prevent it. Fordham international law journal, aug 2018 bernard k. Bilateral and multilateral efforts by these regional military forces successfully challenged boko harams hold on territory, forcing it to abandon major militarystyle campaigns. Providing mentoring for orphans and vulnerable children in. The name boko haram is a hausa name which only the hausa peoples understood and is a compound name comprised of hausa and arabic. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Nigeria, journal of policing, intelligence and counter terrorism 62. Outlines the history of boko haram and its emergence in nigeria provides the latest developments on fundamentalism in nigeria, the growth of boko haram and the government response focuses on the attacks, attack methodology and targeting of boko haram, addressing bestpractice countermeasures examines boko harams ties to other. In order to establish an islamic caliphate and implement sharia law, boko haram members use gun attacks, all in tactics such as suicide bombings and abductions to make their point heard. Isis, boko haram, and the human right to freedom from slavery under islamic law. Jun 09, 2014 view cnn s fast facts on boko haram and learn more about the militant islamic group based in nigeria, whose purpose is to institute sharia, or islamic law. Evolution, ideological foundation, and strategy of boko.
Boko haram assault on nigeria by alexander decker issuu. National integration and nation building is a complex process in a multiethnic nation like nigeria. Mar 27, 2014 boko haram is considered a threat to not only nigeria but also the entire world. Boko haram mounted its first attack in 2004, and since then the group has been responsible for thousands of deaths. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. Abstract boko haram is one of the islamic extremist groups that are currently terrorizing different parts of the world. It has been estimated that by 2015, 200 000 children under the age of 18. Boko haram article about boko haram by the free dictionary. Perspectives from within edlyne eze anugwom this book focuses on the boko haram insurgence in nigeria, and provides information on the origin and growth of the sect, antecedent and historical factors behind the insurgence, assessing a. History, ideas and revolt, journal of constitutional. Since boko haram insurgency in nigeria is the nucleus of this research, and knowing full well that hypothesis is the cornerstone or foundation of any scientific research, in view of this, it is pertinent to consider the following hypotheses. Boko haram insurgency and national security challenges in. A nexus to asymmetric threats in nigeria ugwumba egbuta academic paper politics international politics topic.
Pdf the united states national interests and the fight. This article examines both of these aspects of boko haram as an example of. Another 14 soldiers and two civilians were also wounded. He which claimed 4,177 and left another 8,712 with varying degree of injuries as a watershed of largeg. Boko haram and the reign of terror in nigeria jstor. The tale of the conflict between the boko haram sect and the nigeria police force continues with account of how it all began. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. Boko haram terrorism has been recognized by nigerian president jonathan as the most threatening and complex security issue in nigeria since independence. Aug 24, 20 boko haram terrorism has been recognized by nigerian president jonathan as the most threatening and complex security issue in nigeria since independence.
The hausa applied the term boko to western forms of education so when the term haram is appended to it the intent is. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. It is considered a solution to most problems faced by the country. Thus, this paper finds it expedient to espouse the evolution, ideological foundation, modus operandi, organogram, strategy, and links to international networks. See also, hakeem onapajo and ufo okeke uzodike, boko haram terrorism in nigeria.
The rise of boko haram, a radical islamist sect, has height ened the state of. History, ideas and revolt, vanguard, 3 august 2011. It is based in nigeria and has since its establishment launched numerous attacks against civilians, the police and the military officers. Marchal highlights the issue of the divergent and largely unequal economic and social dynamics of northern versus southern states in nigeria as a main factor in the boko haram rebellion. The history of boko haram in the lake chad basin has been described extensively elsewhere. In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. Although boko haram founder abubakar shekau did not win the endorsement of isis, he refused to relinquish his authority and has continued to lead a group of followers under the banner of boko haram.
Boko haram reportedly released all but one of the girls by 21 march. Since then the sect has intensified its terrorist activities. The historical background of boko haram boko haram literally translated as western education is a sin is a genocidal criminal movement led by an islamist extremist, abubakar shekau, who has vowed to destroy every christian school in nigeria, and to carry out terrorist attacks on nigerian gov. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. The attack killed 18 soldiers and another 4 soldiers were captured. The historical background of boko haram genocide watch.
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